Chandra Are, Division of Surgical Oncology, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, United States
Charles M. Balch, Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, Texas, United States


The global cancer burden continues to rise at an alarming pace1,2. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) data, cancer is the first or second leading cause of death in 91 of 172 countries for patients < 70 years of age and is the third or fourth leading cause of death in an additional 22 countries1,2. It is estimated that there were 18.1 million new cancer cases and 9.6 cancer-related deaths in 20181,2.




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